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Lafferty gauge 369,433,437
laminar flow 102,129
Langmuir 3
-, adsorption isotherms 78
-, adsorption model, see ‘monolayer adsorption’
-, method 36,621,625
laser welding 587
Laval nozzle 117,173,200,201
lead 356
leak detection 520
leak detection methods 523
-, atmosphere (inside-out) method 523,530
-, bombing 523,529
-, overview and maximum sensitivities 529
-, pressure rise method 536
-, pressurizing (inside-out) methods 523,524
-, reduced pressure (outside-in) methods 523,526
-, response time 543
-, sniffing method 525
leakage 351
-, prevention 569
-, spectrum in case of 501
-, symptoms of 535
leak testing/leak finding 522
-, directives 569
-, in complete vacuum systems 559
-, with halogen leak detector 556
-, with heat conductivity gauge 527,551
-, with helium leak detector 526,538
-, with hydrogen leak detector 553
-, with infrared leak detector 558
-, with ionization gauge 527,549
-, with quartz window sensor 555
-, with RGA 528,551
-, with sputter-ion pump 549,551
Lennard-Jones potential 42,67,69
linear feedthroughs 596
liquid feedthroughs 598
liquid jet pump 198
liquid ring pump 160,163
-, circulation container 170
-, isothermal compression 166
lobe blower, see ‘Roots pump’
localized adsorption 81
London effect 68
Lorentz force 465
Loschmidt’s number 664
lubricants (lubrication)
-, creep effect 647
-, dry 234,647
-, general 646
-, organic 647
-, synthetic 647
-, wet 648
